Why is journalism so bad?

Medialens (via Chicken Yogurt) asks a good question, but answers it badly:

Why is the media, for all its high-tech sophistication, wealth and power, so bland, so empty, so dull? The answer is that its capacity for sincerity and truth is fundamentally compromised by the profit motive at its heart. What can a system based on unrestrained greed possibly have to say about a world crucified by greed?

This answer is too glib. The problem with the dead tree industry lies in the culture of journalism itself, rather than in the corruption of the profit motive.

A few years ago, I applied for the job of foreign exchange writer on a national.

“What qualifies you for this job?” asked a friendly interviewer. I told them about my masters in economics, and my years of experience as a City economist.

“We’re not interested in that”, replied another interviewer. “We want flower show journalism – someone who gets the basic facts right, writes well and files on time.”

Even if I'd been offered the job, it would have been less valuable than lesson I learned.

There are (at least) four other aspects of journalistic culture which militate towards a conservative blandness:

1. People enter journalism straight from university. Very few – there are illustrious exceptions - turn to journalism after a professional career. This means journalists have an exaggerated faith in “experts.” They don’t realize a large chunk of professional “expertise” lies in the ability to disguise one’s ignorance. When I speak to people who know me as an economist, conversations are very different from those I have with people who regard me as a journalist. One consists in a discussion of areas of uncertainty. The other is a list of quotes.

2. Journalists are obsessed with status. The biggest shock I had on moving from the City to journalism was just how hierarchic it was; writers, senior writers, deputy editors, editors, publishers (I’ve never worked out what they do) and so on – and these titles meant something. At the Daily Mail a few years ago (things might have changed), pretty much everyone was obsessed with brackets; if your job title had brackets, you were making it. A former editor of mine once referred to my “career”, and was genuinely surprised when I didn’t know what she was talking about.

This status obsession has two effects. It means journalists would rather get a quick interview with a “senior figure” rather than a junior one who might know more. And it leads to an appeal - which is as anti-democratic as it is anti-rational - to authority and credibility rather than to the inherent merits of an argument. To take the example immediately to hand, here's the Times today: “The research, published by the prestigious National Institute of Economic and Social Research…” Why would “prestigious” matter here?

3. Journalism is about the striking anecdote, human interest and the “quote”; questions are often asked to elicit good soundbites rather than to get information.

This means the standard ways in which social scientists think about the world – statistical inference and mechanisms of unintended consequences – are ignored.

4. Journalists are not trained to think clearly. So cognitive biases are epidemic. Every paper every day contains at least one example of: the representative heuristic; the hindsight bias, overconfidence in our limited knowledge; the salience effect; or the fundamental attribution error; I’ll come back to this.

It’s here, though, that we get a reason why the dead tree industry exists. Pretty much no-one is actually educated to think clearly – insofar as I do so at all (which is doubtful) it’s because I read Kahneman, Tversky, Dawes and Gigerenzer in my spare time - and rationality doesn’t come naturally to us. The upshot is that there’s little demand for high intellectual standards, as the best bloggers’ visitor stats corroborate. So maybe the profit motive does lead to bad journalism after all. But it’s not the fundamental cause of it.

Comments

[Paul Davies]

not so much a comment as such, but a 'well done': v interesting reading, and some new terms to go and investigate.

I would humbly suggest that some lighter spare-time reading could be judiciously employed without damaging your well-honed rationality :)

[dearieme]

You're spot on with Gigerenzer: a superb read. You're not really cut out to be a journo, are you?

[EU Serf]

I have been shocked at times as to the lack of knowledge some journalists have over issues that they cover for their job. Even more shocking is that in some cases they showed no curiosity to learn about these things.

[Snafu]

After an excellent post, the conclusion is that the marketplace rewards 'poor' journalistic standards.

No wonder you didn't get the role!!

[Paddy Carter]

I would add to that that editors want "a story" and successful journalists - usually trained by their Arts degrees in the construction of narrative edifices via verbal association - are skilled at supplying them. This usually means simplicity, striking popular chords and with good guys and bad guys, if possible.

The uncertainty that usually comes with attempting to weigh costs against benefits, exploring possible interpretations of evidence and searching for consistency, or perhaps by trying to evaluate a political choice by looking at available realistic alternatives, doesn't make for a very good story.

I guess this is just an expansion of your point 3, rather than something new, and as Snafu says, it's about incentives

[Alan]

Agree with the points made, but feel the failure (inability) to place a source or an event within context is the most egregious cause of extraodinarily misleading media coverage.

[angry economist]

I have made this point in several blogs incl Brad De Long's and this blog before but here we go again... apologies but some of these repeat the points of the article...

1) Journalists are after the story aren't they - the truth or facts or analysis are convenient extras if they help the story.

2) Journalists definitely aren't analysts and are poor analysts. Some are ok at political analysis, but as a job lot of them they are dodgy at economic analysis - and that includes the David Smith's and Will Hutton's of this world.

3) Journalists tend to be lazy - they get the story, they are happy, they stop digging, they put their feet up and move on to the next story about the Beckham's new hairdos or whatever.

4) The economists magazine is apparently written by journalists and not economists. They just spout too much editorial stuff these days and get a lot of stuff wrong. Maybe I am just becoming too much of a hard bitten economist to read amateur pish like this.

5) Newspapers are responsible for a lot of the damaging views and theories held about the economy!!!

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I feel like a fog, not that it matters. I've pretty much been doing nothing , but eh. Today was a loss. I haven't gotten much done for a while.

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Freedom is more important than security

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Agree with a flat tax system

[ann]

More or less nothing seems important. So it goes. Oh well. It's not important. That's how it is.