Some paradoxes of democracy

Nick Cohen raises some deep paradoxes about our modern political culture. He notes, rightly, that public opinion is wrong on many points, and says:

Everyone from money-grubbing TV executives to seedy politicians hit their critics with a dictionary of ready-made insults when you try to take these cognitive biases on. You are "an elitist" and a "snob" who lives in an "ivory tower". You "don't get it," and think you "know better" than the common people.

The first paradox here is that as the academic evidence for the prevalence of cognitive biases has risen, so too has faith in public opinion.

The pre-Kahneman and Tversky world was one in which the "elite" was often dismissive of public opinion. Although Henry Ford might not have said "If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses", the sentiment was widespread. Attitudes to pop music in the 1950s and 60s were often snobbish and dismissive. In the 70s, serious academics spoke of a crisis of democracy. Even George Orwell wrote of the "debauchery of taste". And the jibe at Jim Swanton - that he was too grand to ride in the same car as his chauffeur - could have applied to many others.

Today, though, such attitudes are rare. We are all democrats now - even though the evidence that the public is often wrong is now stronger than it was in the mid-20th century.

Which raises the second paradox. As equality of taste and opinion has increased since the 1960s and 1970s, so too has inequality of wealth and power. Faith in the opinion of the public doesn't extend to wanting to give them real power in the workplace. And whilst media executives and politicans affect to have the same opinions as ordinary people, they don't want the same incomes.

This brings me to paradox three. The decline in the elite's self-confidence is curiously partial. Whilst it doesn't believe that it has superior opinion than the public, it does believe that it has superior ability to manage and control large organizations. It's not obvious that this asymmetric confidence is grounded in evidence.

Comments

[BruceK]

Surely the first is a fig-leaf for the second?

[Rutger]

I don't know, I think they communicate their loathing of the public well enough by their actions, though, as you say, they seem more constrained on a rhetorical level.

[chris]

@ Bruce K - yes, the claim to be giving the public what they want is a claim to wealth and power. But the thing is, this is in principle only one of many possible ways of legitimizing a claim to power; why should this be the biggest (sole?) one?

[Matt Young]

Doesn't apply to the USA since proportional voting for the Senate is disallowed. In California, most of us are barely aware of DC, and polsters will say,'Should governemt mess with medicare' and the vast majority of us do not want Sacramento messing with medicare. The polster gets confused, not realizing that the stupidity is all in the pollster.

[Richard Powell]

There most certainly are issues where the elite believes its views are superior to the general public's. The death penalty is one. Enthusiasm for multiculturalism may be another.

Perhaps the elite's embrace of popular culture has an element of protective colouring about it. Or perhaps high culture is just too much like hard work after a day of exercising one's superior abilities.

[Andrew]

The elites have simply been ABLE to garner a higher proportion of income.

The myth of top talent is rationalisation.

[Churm Rincewind]

Sorry, but I don't buy any of this. Chris, you argue for evidence. So, for starters:

"As the academic evidence for the prevalence of cognitive biases has risen, so too has faith in public opinion". The way I see it, politicians have always pandered to public opinion. So your evidence for an increase in "faith in public opinion" would be what, exactly?

"Attitudes to pop music in the 1950s and 60s were often snobbish and dismissive". Do you mean that previous and subsequent attitudes to popular music were less snobbish and dismissive? And your evidence is?

"Equality of taste and opinion has increased since the 1960s and 1970s." Given that I don't even really know what this means, no doubt you have supporting evidence to hand?

"Media executives...affect to have the same opinions as ordinary people." Personally I've never met a media executive who would even consider making this claim - it's just not in the nature of the job.

Frankly I don't think there's a shred of evidence for any of these assertions. Aren't they just the "feelings" which Theresa May notes?

P.S. My exasperation is particularly triggered by Nick Cohen's original post given his regular and spectacularly silly comments on British television production, which he likes to support with fact-free assertions such as (for example) "most producers of TV drama are women". This is plainly inaccurate - why does he even say it?

[Keith]

I think supporting democracy does not require you to think the majority always right. Nor to defer to a mistaken majority.

We support a Liberal Democracy, if we support Democracy at all. That means you think people should have rights and liberties. Some of those rights involve participation in democratic procedures like voting or serving on juries. But we value that as a way of maximising human happiness. A society where we have rights is a better society as we can achieve more happiness. It does not require absolute faith in any majority. The institutions of Liberal democracy are supposed to involve checks and balances that negate oppressive majority beliefs. So on this view there is no paradox.

[Lincolnomics]

Engineer takes on economic theory:

http://www.reddit.com/r/economy/comments/1i47uy/lincolnomics_as_the_big_fix/

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エアジョーダン2013 http://www.thediamondshop.co.uk/order/21-Nike-Mercurial.html/

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エアジョーダン13 http://www.chaincare.com/css/32-Football-Uniforms.html/

[エアジョーダン13]

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エアジョーダン13 http://www.kevinpottsdecorators.co.uk/js/32-Football-Uniforms.html/

[エアジョーダン11]

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エアジョーダン11 http://www.allendance.co.uk/images/12-Nike-Air-Max.html/

[エアジョーダン11]

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エアジョーダン11 http://www.directrentcar.com/js/32-Football-Uniforms.html/

[ジョーダン スニーカー]

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ジョーダン スニーカー http://www.devbuild.co.uk/devfloors/32-Football-Uniforms.html/

[エアジョーダン1]

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エアジョーダン1 http://www.masts-rigging-ireland.ie/pages/21-Nike-Mercurial.html/